Abstract
BackgroundMost refugees and other forced migrants have experienced potentially traumatic events (PTEs). Torture and other traumatic experiences, as well as various daily stressors, impact the mental health and psychosocial well-being of war-affected populations.MethodsThe study includes two population-based samples of Iranian and Iraqi men living in Finland and Sweden. The Finnish Migrant Health and Well-being Study (Maamu) was conducted in 2010–2012. The Linköping study was conducted in Sweden in 2005. In both samples, health and well-being measures, social and economic outcomes as well as health service utilization were reported.ResultsThe final sample for analysis consisted of two groups of males of Iranian or Iraqi origin: 278 residents in Finland and 267 residents in Sweden. Both groups were subdivided according to the reported PTEs: Torture survivors; Other PTEs; No PTEs. Migrants that reported PTEs, torture survivors in particular, had significantly poorer social and health outcomes. Torture survivors also reported lower trust and confidence in authorities and public service providers, as well as more loneliness, social isolation and experiences of discrimination.ConclusionsTorture and other PTEs prevalent in refugee and migrant populations create a wide-ranging and long-term impact in terms of increased risk of various types of adverse social and health conditions. Early identification through systematic and effective screening should be the first step in guiding migrants and refugees suffering from experiences of torture and other PTEs to flexible, multidisciplinary services.
Highlights
Torture and other potentially traumatic eventsTorture is defined as a political act causing severe pain or suffering, inflicted by or with the acquiescence of a public official, with the intent and purpose of extracting a confession or information, punishment, intimidation, coercion or discrimination.[1]Most asylum seekers and other forced migrants in high-income countries have experienced at least some type of potentially traumatic event (PTE), either before or during migration,[2,3,4] reported prevalence rates vary between groups of forced migrants[5] and studies.[6]
The prevalence of PTEs was low in parts of the study populations, and torture experiences were uncommon among women; only men of Iranian or Iraqi origin were included in the final study samples used in this article
Following the process described in the ‘Methods’ section, the final sample for analysis consisted of two groups of males of Iranian or Iraqi origin: 278 residents in Finland and 267 residents in Sweden. Both were subdivided into three groups reporting: No PTEs; Torture; Other PTEs
Summary
Torture and other potentially traumatic eventsTorture is defined as a political act causing severe pain or suffering, inflicted by or with the acquiescence of a public official, with the intent and purpose of extracting a confession or information, punishment, intimidation, coercion or discrimination.[1]Most asylum seekers and other forced migrants in high-income countries have experienced at least some type of potentially traumatic event (PTE), either before or during migration,[2,3,4] reported prevalence rates vary between groups of forced migrants[5] and studies.[6]. The Linkoping study was conducted in Sweden in 2005 In both samples, health and well-being measures, social and economic outcomes as well as health service utilization were reported. Results: The final sample for analysis consisted of two groups of males of Iranian or Iraqi origin: 278 residents in Finland and 267 residents in Sweden. Both groups were subdivided according to the reported PTEs: Torture survivors; Other PTEs; No PTEs. Migrants that reported PTEs, torture survivors in particular, had significantly poorer social and health outcomes. Conclusions: Torture and other PTEs prevalent in refugee and migrant populations create a wide-ranging and long-term impact in terms of increased risk of various types of adverse social and health conditions. Identification through systematic and effective screening should be the first step in guiding migrants and refugees suffering from experiences of torture and other PTEs to flexible, multidisciplinary services
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