Abstract
Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right that is closely related with social progress and human sublimation. However, it is among the rights which are of an optional nature besides being a social right. Thus, based on the above-mentioned characteristics, its full implementation is encountered with a number of limitations and conditions including observation of the rights of one's fellowmen, prohibition of trespassing against one's honor or social order and so on and so forth. Sacrilege is one of the most indecent offending behaviors that have been described as a crime in Iran’s penal code of law. This crime is of public effect and is counted among religious crimes and it has been considered as a crime in support of religion as one of the most important values governing the societies. Sacrilege is one of those crimes which are seriously prosecuted by religious states whose beliefs are insulted. This tough stance has its origin also in the fact that man by his nature does not tolerate a certain set of actions including the act of treating a one's sacred beliefs without respect. As a result, this crime is seriously punished by religiously oriented governments. Since Iran is a religious state, if someone insults the religious and Islamic beliefs the government shall sue him. Various aspects of sacrilege as a crime, the boundaries of freedom of expression and the assessment of press law in the light of freedom of expression are among the issues which have been dealt with in present article.
Highlights
Insolence is among the crimes that one commits against an individual’s honor and reputation
Except in the aforementioned cases the crime of insolence is considered as a routine crime of insult the punishment for which is specified in the article 608 of the Islamic penal law
The fact is that human beings have two identities, one is their human identity which is the basis of human equalities while the other one involves the individual’s beliefs that make one distinguished from the others and gives an individual a distinctly separate identity and such beliefs and opinions find so much importance that might result in the individual’s sacrificing of his or her life to guard them against the sacrilegious objections levelled against them. As it was mentioned, the individual’s beliefs form his or her identity and scorning such beliefs as baseless is tantamount to the denouncement of one’s identity, the reason for this is everyone, as being aroused by his or her nature, is in need of worshiping a Supreme Entity or individual or admire or sanctify some other things and if some ones misuse their gift of freedom of expression there is this possibility of the insulted person to act most severely and intensively and it is noteworthy, as well, that there is a strict contrast between the freedom of expression and speaking about one’s sanctities in a negative tone. (Eslami, 1994)
Summary
Insolence is among the crimes that one commits against an individual’s honor and reputation.
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