Abstract
Sensor nodes generate Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), these networks have considerable application in the areas of habitat safety, disaster management, surveillance in defense, security & many more areas. WSNs are compact in size, with short battery power & additionally their processing capabilities are low. This restriction of battery power makes them vulnerably faulty. In order to save this limited power, redundant data must be stored inside the sensor node during aggregation which will result in a reduction power dissipation associated with the sending of unnecessary data. By aggregating data, we can control energy consumption by reducing redundancy. Data aggregation is a really effective technique for WSN. In this paper we discuss the aggregation of data and their complex energy-efficient approach used for data aggregation in WSN. This paper highlights the latest innovations in WSNs vital for the research in agricultural domain, further we present their classification & did a comparative analysis of the discussed protocols, the nomenclature of energy saving & harvesting strategies used in agricultural monitoring. Further it discuss the difficulties and drawbacks of WSNs in context of agriculture, The presented comparative study will helpful in increasing number of data processing opportunities available through the Internet of Things (IoT).
Highlights
The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) emerged in 1998, from the dream of the Smartdust project which needed sensing and communication skills in the cubic millimeter order
The Sensor Node, which is a basic component of the WSN, consists of the device Sensing, Computing and Wireless Communication
While LoRa gateways operate with the LoRa network server as bidirectional Adapter or Protocol [36]. It is the role of a server of LoRa network in this situation to interpret the packets of data disseminated by LoRa apps& to generate frames which are returned to the devices
Summary
The WSN emerged in 1998, from the dream of the Smartdust project which needed sensing and communication skills in the cubic millimeter order. This segment of our study first discuss about the various protocols and standards used in WSN and later compares them to determine the most suitable system as consumption of power, range of contact [8] & various other parameters, all columns provides these protocol’s challenges & solution proposed for them. This is counted among the most suited protocols used in various agriculture applications.
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