Abstract
THE phenomenon of ionospheric spread-F has been studied for many years1, but convincing evidence indicating a particular origin for the disturbances which produce it has not been forthcoming. Early analyses (by Wright2, for example) suggest a direct association with geomagnetic activity at high latitudes, changing to an inverse association at low latitudes. More recently Briggs3 has shown that mid-latitude spread-F tends to occur a day or two after increased geomagnetic activity. The analysis reported in this letter investigates possible associations between short-term variations (less than about 2 months) in the occurrence of mid-latitude spread-F and similar variations in both sunspot activity and geomagnetic activity. The superposed-epoch method4 is used to look for information on the origin of the spread-F phenomenon.
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