Abstract
This mini review briefly describes (i) literature data on the non-zero current measurements with ionophore-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) aimed at fundamental studies of the mechanism of their potentiometric response, and (ii) the data on the possibilities of analytical applications of ISEs in voltametric and constant potential chronoamperometric/coulometric modes, in particular the K+ ion assay in blood serum with the sensitivity of 0.1%. A special attention is paid to the basics of voltammetry and chronoamperometry/coulometry with the ionophore-based ISEs, and to how and why these methods differ from the classical voltammetry and coulometry.
Highlights
Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with solvent-polymeric membranes containing neutral and charged ionophores have been used as potentiometric sensors for quantification of a wide range of analytes already for several decades [1–8]
In this review we focus on non-zero current measurements with ISEs with ionophore-based solventpolymeric membranes
Most theoretical descriptions of the ISE membrane potential and selectivity employ the equilibrium approach according to which the selectivity coefficients to the primary ion over the interfering ion(s) are proportional to the ratios of the respective ion-ionophore complex formation constants [2, 5, 6, 25–27]
Summary
Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with solvent-polymeric membranes containing neutral and charged ionophores have been used as potentiometric sensors for quantification of a wide range of analytes already for several decades [1–8]. The exchange current densities at the interface between the sensor phase (membrane) and the aqueous solution were estimated, primarily, by means of the electrochemical impedance measurements [9–15, 38, 39].
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