Ionomers Based on Addition and Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerized 5-phenyl-2-norbornene as a Membrane Material for Ionic Actuators.

Oleg S Morozov,Sergey S Nechausov,Alexander V Babkin,Svetlana S Shachneva,Maxim V Bermeshev,Anna V Ivanchenko,Dmitry A Alentiev,Alexey V Kepman,Boris A Bulgakov

doi:10.3390/membranes12030316

Oleg S Morozov, Sergey S Nechausov + Show 7 more

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Two types of poly(5-phenyl-2-norbornene) were synthesized via ring opening metathesis and addition polymerization. The polymers sulfonation reaction under homogeneous conditions resulted in ionomer with high sulfonation degree up to 79% (IEC 3.36 meq/g). The prepared ionomer was characterized by DSC, GPC, 1H NMR and FT-IR. Polymers for electromechanical applications soluble in common polar organic solvents were obtained by replacing proton of sulfonic group with imidazolium and 1-methylimidazlium. Membranes were prepared using the above-mentioned polymers and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4), as well as mixtures with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Mechanical, morphological, and conductive properties of the membranes were examined by tensile testing, SEM, and impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Dry and air-stable actuators with electrodes based on SWCNT were fabricated via hot-pressing. Actuators with membranes based on methylimidazolium containing ionomers outperformed classical bucky gel actuator and demonstrated high strain (up to 1.14%) and generated stress (up to 1.21 MPa) under low voltage of 2 V.

Highlights

Ionic electroactive polymers (EAP) are among the most promising smart materials with applicability as electromechanical transducers
The most common ionic liquid for actuators based on inomers is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4), and the actuators typically show a deformation of 0.4–0.6% at a voltage of 1–3 V
We describe the preparation of poly(phenyl norbornenes) synthesized by two polymerization routes, namely, ringopening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and addition polymerization [34], their sulfonation under homogeneous conditions, and their use as electrolyte membranes of ionic actuators

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Ionic electroactive polymers (EAP) are among the most promising smart materials with applicability as electromechanical transducers. The most common polyelectrolyte for preparation of ionic actuators is sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, since the first electromechanical transducers were made using the commercially available Nafion (DuPont) [2,3]. The main disadvantage of actuators with aqueous electrolyte is their unsuitability for prolonged operation in the open air. Both evaporation and electrolysis due to a narrow electrochemical window of water quickly and significantly reduce the efficiency of electromechanical devices. The capsule increases the total stiffness of the actuator, which reduces their efficiency Another approach is to replace water with room temperature ionic liquids (IL) as an electrolyte [22–25]. Watanabe described high performance printable polymer actuators based on soluble sulfonated polyimide comprising ionic liquid with carbon electrodes [30]. The most common ionic liquid for actuators based on inomers is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4), and the actuators typically show a deformation of 0.4–0.6% at a voltage of 1–3 V

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