Abstract
An effective ionic liquid vacuum microwave-assisted method was developed for extraction of the thermo- and oxygen-sensitive glycosides salicin, hyperin and rutin from Populus bark due to the strong solvating effects of ionic liquids on plant cell walls. In this study, [C4mim]BF4 solution was selected as the extracting solution for extraction of the target analytes. After optimization by single factor experiments and response surface methodology, the optimum condition parameters were achieved, which included 1.0 M [C4mim]BF4, 2 h soaking time, −0.08 MPa vacuum, 20 min microwave irradiation time, 400 W microwave irradiation power and 25 mL/g liquid/solid ratio. Under the optimum conditions, higher extraction yields of salicin (35.53 mg/g), hyperin (1.32 mg/g) and rutin (2.40 mg/g) were obtained. Compared with other extraction methods, the developed method provided higher yields of the three target components after a relatively shorter extraction time (20 min). No obvious degradation of the target analytes was observed under the optimum conditions in performed stability studies and the proposed method had a high reproducibility. Meanwhile, after adsorption and desorption on macroporous D101 resin, the target analytes can be effectively separated from the [C4mim]BF4 ionic liquid extraction solution and the yields of salicin, hyperin and rutin were 89%, 82% and 84%, respectively. The recovered [C4mim]BF4 ionic liquid presented a good extraction effect on the three analytes after recycling five times.
Highlights
Populus is a genus of more than 100 species of deciduous plants in the family Salicaceae, These plants, commonly known as poplar, aspen and cottonwood, are native to Europe, Asia and NorthAmerica [1,2]
We screened many types of ionic liquids to select the best one for the extraction based on the extraction yield
The inter-day result indicated that standard solutions of salicin, hyperin and rutin were stable in methanol for at least 5 d when the samples were kept at 4–8 °C and the final concentrations were 99.21%–100.07% of the initial values
Summary
Populus is a genus of more than 100 species of deciduous plants in the family Salicaceae, These plants, commonly known as poplar, aspen and cottonwood, are native to Europe, Asia and NorthAmerica [1,2]. Populus is a genus of more than 100 species of deciduous plants in the family Salicaceae, These plants, commonly known as poplar, aspen and cottonwood, are native to Europe, Asia and North. Populus alba × P. berolinensis is popular for its rapid growth, adaptability, fine grain and pale color. In China, it has been used widely in forests planted for ecological protection, the Three-North Shelterbelt, agroforestry, industrial plantations, near roads and in garden landscaping [3]. Wood from P. alba × P. berolinensis is used in civil construction, furniture, and plant fiber materials. These uses produce large quantities of bark as a side product. Attention has focused on potential uses for P. alba × P. berolinensis bark.
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