Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Carnosic Acid and Rosmarinic Acid Using Ionic Liquid Solution from Rosmarinus officinalis

Ge Zu,Yuangang Zu,Chunjian Zhao,Lei Yang,Chunhui Ma,Wenjie Wang,Rongrui Zhang

doi:10.3390/ijms130911027

Ge Zu, Yuangang Zu + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms130911027

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Abstract

Ionic liquid based, ultrasound-assisted extraction was successfully applied to the extraction of phenolcarboxylic acids, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, from Rosmarinus officinalis. Eight ionic liquids, with different cations and anions, were investigated in this work and [C8mim]Br was selected as the optimal solvent. Ultrasound extraction parameters, including soaking time, solid–liquid ratio, ultrasound power and time, and the number of extraction cycles, were discussed by single factor experiments and the main influence factors were optimized by response surface methodology. The proposed approach was demonstrated as having higher efficiency, shorter extraction time and as a new alternative for the extraction of carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid from R. officinalis compared with traditional reference extraction methods. Ionic liquids are considered to be green solvents, in the ultrasound-assisted extraction of key chemicals from medicinal plants, and show great potential.

Highlights

Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb with fragrant needle-like leaves
The ionic liquids based on Cl− and Br − were the most efficient of the liquids tested for carnosic acid; BF4− and Br− were the most efficient for rosmarinic acid, with Br− showing the best results
This result indicates that extraction efficiency of phenolcarboxylic acids is anion-dependent, which is consistent with a previous study [25]

Summary

Introduction

Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb with fragrant needle-like leaves. The fresh and dried leaves of R. officinalis are widely used as flavors in different food products due to the powerful aromatic odor. Their essential oils are widely applied in the cosmetic industry producing various Cologne waters, bathing essences, hair lotions, shampoos and as a component of disinfectants and insecticides. Carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid are the major ingredients of solvent extracts from R. officinalis. Carnosic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic diterpenoid, and many bioactivities of carnosic acid have been reported, antioxidant [1,2,3,4], antimicrobial [5], anti-inflammatory [6], anti-cancer [7], chemoprotective [8], neuroprotective [9], antiobesity [10]

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