Ionic Interactions of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate in Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions: Solubilities, Densities, Viscosities, Electrical Conductivities, and Surface Tensions at 35 ∘C

Abstract

The thermodynamic, volumetric, transport, and surface properties, solubilities, densities, viscosities, electrical conductivities, and surface tensions of calcium sulfate dihydrate in aqueous sodium chloride solutions have been measured at 35 ∘C, with a view to determine the ionic interactions that occur in these solutions. The experimental density values have been used to calculate the mean apparent molar volumes of the ternary mixtures. Viscosity values have been analyzed using different empirical equations and the experimental values of the viscosity were combined with conductivity to yield the Walden product. Molar surface energies have been computed using experimental surface tension data. The experimental data have been fitted to polynomial equations by a least-squares analysis to obtain the coefficients and their standard errors. Results have been examined in the light of “structure making” or “structure breaking” effects of the various ions present in the solutions.