Abstract
The ion-induced release of deuterium from carbon was studied by first implanting carbon targets with a high fluence of low-energy (150–600 eV) deuterium to saturate a thin near-surface region and then bombarding the targets with higher-energy ions which penetrate through the deuterium implanted region. Measurements were made of the deuterium release caused by bombardment by hydrogen and helium ions at 3 keV, by helium and carbon ions at 30 keV and by carbon ions at 60 keV. A strong correlation is observed between the ion-induced release rate and the energy lost to atomic collisions by the incident ions. A model for the ion-induced release is described which includes retrapping of the deuterium. Two features of this model are that retrapping results in a non-exponential dependence of the release on incident ion fluence, and in a dependence of the release on the thickness of the deuterium implanted layer. Both of these features are observed in the data which indicates that ion-induced release of deuterium from carbon involves retrapping.
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