Ion exchange, anisotropic structure and thermal stability of polypyrrole films

Abstract

The thermal stability of electrochemically prepared polypyrrole (PPy) films with p-toluene sulfonate ( pTS) or perchlorate (CIOP 4 −) counter ion (PPy/ pTS and PPy/ClO 4 −) is improved by simple treatment with aqueous sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate or sodium bisulfate. The degree of stabilization achieved depends on the solution, temperature and duration of treatment. PPy/ pTS is easily stabilized and thick films (43μm) retain 90 % of the initial conductivity after long period (300 h) at 150 °C, while thinner films (12 μm) retain slightly less (70 %). A model for the conductivity decay has been proposed. Although the mechanism for improved stability is not yet clear it is apparent that the level of ion exchange and the original polymer microstructure are important. The early stages of ion exchange are not symmetrical and diffusion is facilitated at the electrode side of the film. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction shows no evidence of morphological change after treatment of thick PPy/ pTS but in thin PPy/ pTS and PPy/ClO 4 − films an additional peak is indicative of more ordered structure following treatment. These observation may imply that there is a higher density of crosslinks and branching at the growth side than at the electrode side of the film.