Abstract
Iodine is an essential trace element for both humans and animals. It is essential to produce important hormones by the thyroid gland. In most inland areas, the soils are iodine deficient and its amount is insufficient to produce agricultural crops with adequate iodine content to cover the recommended daily intake. In connection with the occurrence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), it has been the subject of intensive research in the past. However, following the introduction of iodized table salt in the food industry, problems related to IDD were not solved and studies on iodine mobility and bioavailability from soils are rare even today and have remained insufficiently investigated. In many countries, mainly in Europe, the prescription rate of medicaments used to treat goiter is still high. Thus, there are a considerable amount of studies looking for alternative methods for iodine supplementation in foodstuffs among the use of iodized table salt. In most cases, the subject of these studies are agricultural crops. This mini review presents the consequences of inadequate and excess iodine intake, the current status of iodine supplementation and the most recent alternative methods of the application of iodine in agriculture and its effect on the quality of used plant species.
Highlights
Iodine is an essential micronutrient in humans, and its deficiency-related disorders were a serious problem in the past, they still persist in some areas and have an endemic character
This is the case of iodine and selenium; and while iodine is needed as the constituent of thyroid hormones, selenium is essential for the biosynthesis and function of a small number of selenocysteine-containing selenoproteins implicated in thyroid hormone metabolism and gland function
The daily intake should be adequate according to the recommended daily intake and the consumption of supplements and vitamins is not recommended to avoid adverse effects of excess iodine intake
Summary
Iodine is an essential micronutrient in humans, and its deficiency-related disorders were a serious problem in the past, they still persist in some areas and have an endemic character. Rasmussen et al [6] investigated through an 11-year follow-up study the effectiveness of the Danish iodine fortification program by evaluating urinary iodine excretion. They examined factors that could change iodine intake, such as dietary habits, education, lifestyle factors, and health parameters. Since the mandatory salt iodization program in several countries started, the number of iodine-deficient countries in the world has decreased from 54 in 2003 to 32 in 2011. It is alarming that Europe has the most iodine-deficient countries from any continent [9] This is a important issue for iodine nutrition requirements during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Concentrations in school-age children [13]
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