Abstract
The scaling down of microelectronics devices has been following the Moore’s law since many years. The capability of integration till increasing, the new integration more and more combines the devices and circuits to other than electrical functions, physical, chemical, or biological functions. These new objects need a multidisciplinary approach to insert the new devices in systems, in terms of applications. The fields of application can be very wide and should answer to the societal needs. The corresponding objects are preferentially communicating and smart in many cases. The design of these objects must combine the traditional electronics with digital circuits, the interface with the humans thanks to displays, but also many other functions of detections, communications, transmissions, signal treatments and actuations. This paper tries to show the diversity of the technologies, from ULSI to TFTs, able to answer to this new trend and gives some directions in order to well form the future engineers and researchers.
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