Abstract
A specially engineered biological nanopore directly resolves a large variety of analytes including inorganic ions, small molecules, nucleic acids or even proteins. This high resolution enables the biological nanopore as an ideal sensor to directly monitor single molecule analytes, which include but not limited to the probing of carcinogenic DNA damages, cisplatin modifications to DNA and small molecule interactions with ion channels. O6-carboxymethyl guanine, which is a highly carcinogenic base damage related to the development of rectum cancer, were identified by a nanopore sequencing assay with no ambiguity. By taking a tetrachloroaurate(III) as an atomic adaptor inside a biological nanopore, we report a novel concept of nanopore fabrication with a bio-inorganic interface, which immediately discriminate between cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione via direct nanopore readouts. Emerging optical single channel recording (oSCR) techniquesand its simplified form DiffusiOptoPhysiology (DOP) has also significantly improved the measurement throughput of nanopore via fluorescence microscopy instead of a patch clamp which lacks a desired throughput. Figure 1
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