Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) demonstrate reversible color switchings through electron and ion exchanges during redox reactions. Viologen derivatives are commonly utilized in ECD fabrication due to their electron-accepting properties and straightforward synthesis pathways. However, viologens often present issues like slow switching speeds, limited long-term stability, and low coloration efficiency. Indium tin oxide (ITO), among various transparent conducting oxide electrodes, plays a crucial role in ECD performance. Nevertheless, ECDs, particularly those employing ITO-PET films, frequently encounter low conductivity and poor uniformity. This study focuses on the development and performance evaluation of large-area flexible and stretchable ECDs incorporating viologen derivatives. The versatility of viologen derivatives in synthesis was utilized, and the active layer, formed using ion gels through various solution processing methods, exhibited high ionic mobility and good long-term stability. Electrochromic behaviors were examined and compared with traditional viologen-based ECDs. Additionally, highly stretchable ECDs were fabricated utilizing self-healing and self-adhesive polymer electrolytes, showcasing significant transmittance contrast at extended states and stable switching throughout stretching cycles. These findings present viable strategies for producing large-area flexible and stretchable ECDs at cost-effective rates, leveraging viologen derivatives, modified electrodes, and solution coating techniques.
Published Version
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