Abstract
According to the Equivalence Principle, any distribution of electromagnetic fields can be generated within a closed region by suitable electric and magnetic sources lying on its bounding surface. In electromagnetic theory, these sources have been used as fictitious analytical tools. However, this has changed in recent years with the development of “Huygens's metasurfaces,” which are subwavelength thin sheets of artificial active and/or passive elements. With proper configuration, these elements can physically approximate the aforementioned sources, enabling precise manipulation of electromagnetic waves in extraordinary manners. Given their potential, this work aims to provide an overview of Huygens's metasurfaces with a focus on cloaking applications. After an exposition of general operation and design principles, both active and passive Huygens's cloaks are described.
Highlights
We will restrict the problem to two-dimensions (@=@z 1⁄4 0)
According to the Equivalence Principle, any distribution of electromagnetic fields can be generated within a closed region by suitable electric and magnetic sources lying on its bounding surface
This has changed in recent years with the development of “Huygens’s metasurfaces,” which are subwavelength thin sheets of artificial active and/or passive elements
Summary
To construct an electromagnetic cloak, we first assume that the HMS completely encloses the target while isolating it from all external illuminations (known a priori). In an active cloaking approach, these spatially varying continuous current sheets are discretized into n electric (qe 1⁄4 ~J slh) and magnetic (qm 1⁄4 M~ shl) dipole moments.7 Here, h represents the target height, whenever applicable.4 Each moment can be physically realized by radiating sources,7 such as conventional antennas with inter-elemental spacing l, serving as the constitutive meta-atoms.
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