Abstract
Green sensors are required for the realization of a sustainable economy. Biopolymer-derived composites are a meaningful solution to such a needing. Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is a green biopolymer, with significant mechanical and electrical properties. BC-based composites have been proposed to realize generating mechanoelectrical transductors. The transductors consist of a sheet of BC, impregnated of Ionic Liquids (ILs), and covered with two layers of Conducting Polymer (CP) as the electrodes. Charges accumulate at the electrodes when the transductor is bent. Generating sensors can produce either Open Circuit (OC) voltage or Short Circuit (SC) current. In the paper, the OC voltage and SC current, generated from BC-based composites, in a cantilever configuration and subjected to dynamic deformation are compared. The influence of ILs in the transduction performance, both in the case of OC voltage and SC current is investigated. Experimental investigations of structural, chemical, and mechanoelectrical transduction properties, when the composite is dynamically bent, are performed. The mechanoelectrical investigation has been carried on both in the time and in the frequency domains. Reported results show that no relevant changes can be obtained because of the use of IL when the OC voltage is considered. On the contrary, dramatic changes are observed for the case of SC current, whose value increases by about two orders of magnitude.
Highlights
Networks of sensors are required for the development of new ecologies such as, e.g., IoT, smart cities, Industry 4.0, precise agriculture.They can give a relevant contribution to the implementation of sustainable development, giving access to data required for more efficient exploitation of energy and raw materials.technologies based on silicon electronics cannot cope with the needing for a circular economy, nor can produce green sensing systems
The morphologies of pure Bacterial Cellulose (BC), BC-Conducting Polymer (CP), and BC–Ionic Liquids (ILs)-CP membranes were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
The surface morphology of the BC-IL-CP composite is even smoother (Figure 7) with island features mainly constituted of IL as indicated by the composition information obtained from energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX)
Summary
Networks of sensors (including wireless sensor networks) are required for the development of new ecologies such as, e.g., IoT, smart cities, Industry 4.0, precise agriculture.They can give a relevant contribution to the implementation of sustainable development, giving access to data required for more efficient exploitation of energy and raw materials.technologies based on silicon electronics cannot cope with the needing for a circular economy, nor can produce green sensing systems. Networks of sensors (including wireless sensor networks) are required for the development of new ecologies such as, e.g., IoT, smart cities, Industry 4.0, precise agriculture. They can give a relevant contribution to the implementation of sustainable development, giving access to data required for more efficient exploitation of energy and raw materials. There is a needing for new technologies capable of giving a meaningful answer to such a request. Such technologies will be required to use renewable raw materials, save energy, and produce devices whose disposal does not negatively impact the environment. Both research and technological efforts are required for this aim
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