Investigation on the Antibacterial and Anti-T3SS Activity of Traditional Myanmar Medicinal Plants.

Tianhong Li,Pyae Phyo Hein,Dongdong Zhang,Myint Myint San,Thaung Naing Oo,Aye Mya Mon,Yuehu Wang,Chunhua Lu,Xuefei Yang

doi:10.1155/2018/2812908

Abstract

Myanmar has a rich pool of, but less known, medicinal plants with traditional knowledge. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of traditional Myanmar medicinal plants against the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ8956 and the intestinal disease-caused by microbes including S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ8956, Proteusbacillus vulgaris CPCC 160013, Escherichia coli CICC 10003, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The EtOH extracts of 93 samples were used to screen the inhibitory activities against the secretion of T3SS effector proteins SipA/B/C/D of S. enterica and the antibacterial activity against S. enterica, P. vulgaris, E. coli, and S. aureus. Out of 71 crude drugs traditionally used, 18 were proofed to be effective either on the growth inhibition of tested bacteria and/or as inhibitors for the T3SS. The EtOH extracts of five plants, Luvunga scandens (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn. (My7), Myrica nagi Thunb. (My11), Terminalia citrina Roxb. ex Fleming (My21), Thymus vulgaris L. (My49), and Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet (My104), showed potent inhibitory activities against the secretion of T3SS proteins SipA/B/C/D of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ 8956. Mansonia gagei J.R.Drumm (My3) and Mesua ferrea (Roxb.) L. (My10) showed strong antibacterial activities against P. vulgaris and S. aureus. This study provided the first scientific evidence of T3SS prohibiting and antibacterial properties for the traditional knowledge in Myanmar of using plants as medicines for treating infections and gastrointestinal disease. Further researches are proposed to discover the active chemical compounds and mechanism of L. scandens (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn, M. nagi Thunb., T. citrina Roxb. ex Fleming, T. vulgaris L., and C. bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet as antivirulence drugs and the potential of M. gagei J.R.Drumm and M. ferrea L. as new broad spectrum plant antibiotics.

Highlights

The search for antimicrobials has encountered serious challenge of resistance from pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics
We focus on validation of these medicinal plants on antibacteria properties on (1) antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ8956, Proteusbacillus vulgaris CPCC 160013, Escherichia coli CICC 10003, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and (2) the inhibitory activity on the effector proteins SipA/B/C/D of T3SS of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ8956
S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1χ8956 was grown in LB broth with 0.2% L-arabinose at 37∘C/220 rpm in a shaker overnight

Summary

Introduction

The search for antimicrobials has encountered serious challenge of resistance from pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics. Conventional antibiotics developed to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes are generally no more effective over three years of clinical applications. Inhibiting or blocking the pathogenic microbial virulence that facilitate the invasive and/or cause the damage of host cells is an good example of emerging direction [1, 2]. Gram-negative bacteria, such as Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., and Escherichia coli (EPEC), are the major cause for gastrointestinal diseases. They have a common virulence factor, i.e., the type III secretion system (T3SS)

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Conclusion