Abstract
A series of Ce–TiO 2 are prepared by the sol–gel process with ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate and tetra- n-butyl titanium as raw materials and characterized with XRD, TEM, DRS, and XPS. The aberrance (0.355) of anatase(1 0 1) plane of 0.1% Ce/TiO 2 increases compared to that of TiO 2. Cerium is found to be present as a mixture of Ce 3+/4+ oxidation states, that is, the oxidation state of some cerium in Ce–TiO 2 has changed after calcination. Ce/TiO 2 yields a large red shift compared to TiO 2. Moreover, the reflectance decreases in the visible region after cerium doped on TiO 2, and the lower the reflectance the higher the activity. Cerium appears to enhance the photocatalytic activity of Ce/TiO 2 by suppressing electron–hole recombination with electron trapping at Ce 4+. 0.1% Ce/TiO 2 shows highest activity for the degradation of aqueous suspension of formaldehyde.
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