Investigation of thermal stratification and nonlinear thermal radiation in Darcy-Forchheimer transport of hybrid nanofluid by rotating disk with Marangoni convection

Abstract

In current frontier of fluid technology, hybrid nanofluid has sparked the curiosity of investigators due to its thermal characteristics and potential which gives an amended outcome compared to nanofluid in improving the heat transfer efficiency. Nanoparticles like (Ferro and Alumina ) and (Copper Cu and Titanium ) with water as base fluid are incorporated. Due to such properties, this article investigated the 3-D steady flow of hybrid nanofluid with the features of thermal stratification and nonlinear thermally radiative over a rotating disk with the Marangoni convection. The coupled transport equations (PDEs) are renovated into the nondimensional ODEs via suitable similarity variables after that cracked numerically through bvp4c solver via the computational software MATLAB. The physical and numerical outcomes of governing parameters such as thermal radiation parameter, thermal stratification parameter, local inertial parameter, Prandtl number, local Reynolds number and porosity parameter against governing flow equations are illustrated through graphs and tables. From the outcomes, it is observed that velocity has positive magnitude for porosity parameter, Reynolds number and variable permeability. The porosity parameter causes an increment in temperature distribution.