Investigation of the stability of commercial neutron probes

Abstract

At the Paul Scherrer Institute's Calibration Laboratory, neutron reference fields are provided for the calibration of ambient and personal dose equivalent (rate) metres and passive dosemeters. To ensure traceability to the standards of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Germany, the neutron fields are characterised by means of a PTB-calibrated Berthold LB6411 neutron probe which is used as a secondary standard. The LB6411 detector suffers from an unstable, increasing dose rate reading in the order of up to +5 % (according to the manufacturers, this is due to a charging effect in the (3)He proportional counter). In a calibration, this instability is usually corrected for based on the reading obtained with a test source. In this work, the instability was investigated by means of measurements under irradiation with ambient dose equivalent rates up to 24 mSv h(-1) for up to 20 h and compared with the behaviour of an LB6419 and a Thermo Wendi-2 probe. The reading of the instruments was found to reach a plateau, e.g. it becomes stable after ∼90 min during irradiation with 10 mSv h(-1) neutrons. The plateau is reached faster for higher dose rates. This supports the interpretation as a charging effect in the proportional counter. The effect could also be duplicated in an irradiation with photons from a (137)Cs source. The decay time of the accumulated charge was found to be very long, i.e. the instrument showed a stable reproducible reading for up to 6 h after the plateau was reached. From these observations, a conditioning procedure was derived which ensures a stable operation of the instrument after an irradiation of the instrument preceding its use in the reference measurements.