Investigation of the glutathione S-transferase gene M1/T1 and angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism in type 1 diabetic patients and possible association with diabetic microvascular complications

Abstract

Objectives: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphism may play a role in the etiology of type 1 diabetes, as GST is involved to detoxification of reactive oxygen radicals and synthesis of proinflammatory mediators. Genetic polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism, can affect the progression of diabetes and diabetic complications. In our study we aimed to investigate the GST and ACE gene I/D polymorphism in type 1 diabetic patients for comparison with population and relationships with diabetic complications. Methods: A total of 116 type 1 diabetic patients were included to study. ACE polymorphism analyzed in the 71 subjects and GST polymorphism analyzed in the 62 subjects as control groups. Polymorphism of DNA samples was studied by PCR technique. Results compared with control groups and studied according the diabetic complications. Results: ACE gene DD genotype and D allele ratio in the patient group were significantly higher than control group. GST T1 and GST M1 ratios were similar between patient and control groups. ACE genotype group distributions and GST M1/T1 genotype ratios were not different in terms of obesity, glycemic control, duration of diabetes and hypoglycemia frequency and not changed according to diabetic complications. Conclusions: DD genotype and D allele ratio in diabetic patient group were found to be significantly higher and so a significant relationship was observed between and ACE I/D gene polymorphism and type 1 diabetes. On the other hand, it was observed that ACE I/D and GST gene polymorphism did not have any significant effect on diabetic microvascular complications.