Investigation of the effects of coal properties, environmental conditions, and costs on coal drying method selection using multi-criteria decision-making method (AHP)

Abstract

In this study, coal properties and environmental characteristics were investigated, and the most suitable coal drying method was determined for four different regions (Armutcuk, Afsin, Can, and Soma) where Türkiye's significant coal reserves are located, using the AHP method (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Installation and operating cost, drying rate, environmental risk, and land area parameters were used as selection criteria in the AHP method. After analyzing the physical and chemical properties of coals from four different regions, changes in moisture content and drying costs were calculated according to various drying methods (rotary, microwave, solar, and air). The results indicated that the solar energy data of the regions were determined to be 1315, 1610, 1400, and 1444 kWh/m²-year for Armutcuk, Afsin, Can, and Soma, respectively. Accordingly, solar energy drying systems are expected to be preferred in regions with high solar energy. However, with the effect of other selection criteria, it was determined that although the Can region receives less solar energy than the Soma region, the microwave drying method should be used for the coal of the Soma region, and the solar energy drying method should be used for the coal of Can region. Microwave and solar energy methods should be preferred for drying the coals of the Armutcuk and Afsin regions, respectively. As in many sectors, multi-criteria decision-making methods are necessary for optimum equipment/method selection in the mining sector. In conclusion, this study showed that the AHP method can be used when appropriate criteria are thoroughly determined.