Abstract
In this experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the late period effects of the combination of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), which has bone wound healing effects, and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on the regeneration of bone tissue through histopathological, immunohistochemical, and radiological (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry - DEXA) methods in nondiabetic rats. Sixty-four Wistar albino male rats were used. In the calvaria of the rats, a bone defect 7.0 mm in diameter was created. These rats were divided into 4 different groups. Group 1 was the control group without any treatment, a 0.125 mL Β-TCP graft was applied to Group 2, a 0.125 mL ABS was applied to Group 3, and a 0.125 mL (β-TCP + ABS) mixture was applied to group 4. Half of the rats were sacrificed on day 28 and the other half on day 56. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and DEXA analyses of the specimens were performed after the experiment. As a result of the histopathological analysis, osteoblastic activity and new bone formation were found to be significantly higher in Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 than the control group on day 28 (P < 0.05). However, inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular dilatation and hemorrhage decreased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The histopathological analysis in rats on day 56 showed that osteoblastic activity in Group 2 and Group 4 was significantly higher than in the control group, but there was a statistically significant decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular dilatation and hemorrhage compared to the control group (P < 0.05). New bone formation in Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 was significantly higher than in the control group. Western blotting findings revealed that the osteonectin and osteopontin expression on day 28 was increased significantly in Group 2 and Group 4. DEXA analyses revealed that BMC values in Group 2 and Group 4 on day 28 were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density values on the 28th and 56th days (P > 0.05). The use of both β-TCP + ABS and only ABS had positive effects on wound healing and bone formation in nondiabetic rats.
Highlights
Periodontal disease is an infectious disease with a complex pathogenesis characterized by periodontal tissue and bone loss, in which local factors, host response, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition play important roles in etiology [1]
Group 1 was the control group without any treatment, a 0.125 mL Β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) graft was applied to Group 2, a 0.125 mL Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) was applied to Group 3, and a 0.125 mL (β-TCP + ABS) mixture was applied to group 4
As a result of the histopathological analysis, osteoblastic activity and new bone formation were found to be significantly higher in Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 than the control group on day 28 (P < 0.05)
Summary
Periodontal disease is an infectious disease with a complex pathogenesis characterized by periodontal tissue and bone loss, in which local factors, host response, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition play important roles in etiology [1]. The rapid and predictable regeneration capacity of bone grafts in large bone defects is limited This is due to the fact that biologically active molecules, bone morphogenesis proteins, and other growth factors are not sufficiently present to replace the bone and provide bone formation in bone grafts [5,6]. Β-TCP is partially resorbed, holding the bone mechanically and allowing the replacement of the bone with graft as a biological filler. It is a weak bone graft due to improper porosity, having a small grain and dissolving in a period of 6 weeks [4,8]
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