Abstract
This article focuses on evaluating the influence that the addition of carbonyl iron micro-particles (CIPs) and its alignment have on the mechanical and rheological properties for magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, and 24 wt % of silicone oil (SO). A solenoid device was designed and built to fabricate the corresponding composite magnetorheological material and to perform uniaxial cyclic tests under uniform magnetic flux density. Furthermore, a constitutive material model that considers both elastic and magnetic effects was introduced to predict stress-softening and permanent set effects experienced by the MRE samples during cyclic loading tests. Moreover, experimental characterizations via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile mechanical testing, and rheological tests were performed on the produced MRE samples in order to assess mechanical and rheological material properties such as mechanical strength, material stiffness, Mullins and permanent set effects, damping ratio, stiffness magnetorheological effect (SMR), and relative magnetorheological storage and loss moduli effects. Experimental results and theoretical predictions confirmed that for a CIPs concentration of 70 wt %, the material samples exhibit the highest shear modulus, stress-softening effects, and engineering stress values when the samples are subject to a maximum stretch value of 1.64 and a uniform magnetic flux density of 52.2 mT.
Highlights
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are materials capable of exhibiting variable stiffness and damping properties, which can be modified by applying an external magnetic field; these materials are used in several engineering applications such as tunable vibration absorbers, sensing mechanical and magnetic signals [1], to mention a few
It is well-known that when magnetic particles are added into soft or hard elastomeric matrices, the resulting composite magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) exhibit a significant variation of their mechanical properties upon the application of a magnetic induction field i.e., anisotropic MREs with soft matrix showed large magnetorheological effects when compare to those produced with hard elastomeric matrices
The durability properties of MRE materials based on a mixture matrix of cis-polybutadiene rubber (BR) and natural rubber (NR) reinforced with 60 wt % of iron particles were investigated by Zhang et al in [9]
Summary
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are materials capable of exhibiting variable stiffness and damping properties, which can be modified by applying an external magnetic field; these materials are used in several engineering applications such as tunable vibration absorbers, sensing mechanical and magnetic signals [1], to mention a few. The durability properties of MRE materials based on a mixture matrix of cis-polybutadiene rubber (BR) and natural rubber (NR) reinforced with 60 wt % of iron particles were investigated by Zhang et al in [9] They performed experimental dynamical tests by using dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) tests to study how the storage and loss modulus of the MRE samples vary when subjected to 140,000 loading cycles. To fabricate high performance MRE, Tian and Nakano [4] subjected the mixed silicone rubber matrix reinforced with 70 wt % of CIP to a magnetic field that was rotated 45◦ so that the CIPs were forced to be oriented in the field direction They found that when 15 wt % of silicone oil is added into the silicone mixed, the magnetorheological elastomer properties are better than those of a silicone composite with 0 wt % of silicone oil. Experimental results via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile and cyclic mechanical testing, and rheological tests confirmed that particle alignment and the wt % of CIPs influence the mechanical and rheological properties of the fabricated MREs
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