Abstract
Free arachidonic acid mobilized from membrane glycerophospholipids by the cognate phospholipases is transformed into prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) by cyclooxygenase (COX), a common substrate for a group of terminal prostanoid synthases. COXs are thought to exhibit distinct functional coupling with these enzymes, which include prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin F2α, prostacyclin, and thromboxane synthases. Three distinctive PGE2 synthases catalyzing nonoxidative rearrangement of PGH2 to PGE2 are identified, which are cytosolic PGES, two membrane-bound PGESs.
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