Abstract
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of heating and the structural resultant changes of source rocks under the influence of the electromagnetic field in the microwave and radio-frequency ranges. The samples from the Bazhenov Formation (West Siberia, Russia) and the Domanic Formation (Ural, Russia) have been tested. It is shown that samples from these formations demonstrate very different heating rates at the same electromagnetic field parameters and the their heating rate depends on the type of the electromagnetic field (radio-frequency or microwave) applied. The temperature of the Bazhenov Formation samples reaches 300 °C within one hundred seconds of the microwave treatment but it slowly rises to 200 °C after twelve minutes of the radio-frequency influence. The samples of the carbonate Domanic Formation heat up more slowly in the microwave field (within two hundred seconds) and to lower temperatures in the radio-frequency (150 °C) than the Bazhenov Formation samples. The study of the structure of the samples before and after experiments on the electromagnetic treatment shows fracture formation during the heating process. Numerical simulations of heating dynamics of source rock samples have been based on a simple mathematical model of the electromagnetic influence and main features of heating for different types of source rock have been revealed. The opportunities for application of electromagnetic heating for oil source rock recovery are discussed.
Highlights
The relevance of this research is proven by the growing interest in the oil recovery from organic-rich oil source rocks
The analysis showed that Bazhenov Formation samples are predominantly represented by quartz and clayrich rocks with variant fractions of quartz and clay components, only the sample B4 is represented with limestone
It was discovered that the average heating rate of the Bazhenov Formation samples can be an order of magnitude higher than the one of the Domanik Formation samples both in the microwave and radio-frequency fields
Summary
The relevance of this research is proven by the growing interest in the oil recovery from organic-rich oil source rocks. Two major oil-prone formations located within The Russian Federation are the of Bazhenov and Domanic Formations. Both formations are characterized by very low values of porosity, permeability and complex structure of void space [1,2,3]. The age of the Bazhenov formation rocks is Upper Jurassic—Lower Cretaceous, consisting of organic-rich shales which are represented with a mixture of carbonate, clay, and siliceous minerals. According to classification for shales which was proposed by Lazar et al [5] the Bazhenov formation rocks are presented by various types of organic-rich, siliceous, carbonaceous mudstones with kerogen predominantly of the type II. Total organic carbon is in the range of 1 to 19 wt% [6,7]
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