Abstract
Euclidean and fractal terms are mathematically and physically important terms in antenna design, but rarely reported studies had discussed these terms together in antenna design in their texts. This paper first gives an overview of Euclidean and fractal antennas with useful and satisfactory facts. Four printed slot antennas are then studied using Euclidean slot shapes printed in the ground plane with and without Euclidean patches using FR4 substrate. These antennas are employed to investigate their suitability as simple alternatives to complicated fractal geometries and their specific formulas. Parametric analyses with feedline lengths and patch scaling aspects are adopted to generate single, dual, and multiband responses. These parametric studies provide different outcomes and choices for antenna electrical specifications suitable for various wireless applications. It is clear that inserting Euclidean patches to the printed slot in the ground plane influence inducing multiple operating bands as similar as multiband fractal antenna, but without using specific formulas or complicated outlines. All proposed antennas have low-profile topologies, good compactness, and more competitive electrical specifications than many reported fractal antennas. The simulations of the proposed printed slot antennas are in good compatibility with the measurements.
Highlights
Euclidean and fractal terms are mathematically and physically important terms in antenna design, but rarely reported studies had discussed these terms together in antenna design in their texts
The continuous requirements for the antennas that have the properties of small volume, low weight and simplicity of manufacturing using printed-circuit technology, led to many designed antenna outlines for different wireless applications
For the first proposed printed circle based slot antenna illustrated in Fig. 1, its input reflection response is determined within the swept frequency range from 1 to 9 GHz using a substrate of 4.4 dielectric constant and 1.6 mm dielectric thickness
Summary
Euclidean and fractal terms are mathematically and physically important terms in antenna design, but rarely reported studies had discussed these terms together in antenna design in their texts. The projected antenna covers multiband within 1.6–5.9 GHz frequency range[12].A compact antenna consisting of an elliptical patch, a slotting line, and a coaxial feedline is proposed in[13] This design comprises a square patch and the capability to cover multiple bands in a 1–15 GHz range. A circular slot antenna using offset microstrip-fed line has been presented in16 This antenna shows dualband response under operating frequency bands of 1.83–2.73 GHz and 5.36–7.63 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 39.5% and 34.9%, respectively. In17, a group of small thin-wire antennas based on Euclidean parts produced genetically had been presented These small thin-wire antennas were electrically in superior performance as compared with some sets of Sierpinski pre-fractal monopoles of the identical electrical size at specified resonance
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