Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is the most popular vegetable in the world. These fruits carry heavy spore loads when they leave the field. As a result of poor packaging and improper management, the fruits arrive at their destination bruised and squeezed and different types of rots set in under favourable conditions. Fusarium rot is one of the most devastating diseases of ripe tomatoes. The pathogen was isolated from the infected material and it was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Diseases caused by fungal pathogens have been a major challenge to agriculture, health as well as national economy. The resistance of this pathogen to the wide variety of chemicals has stimulated the search of new alternatives for control measures. Use of plants extract is one of the most promising, effective, safer and eco-friendly method to eradicate the pathogen from ripe tomato. The present paper aims at the study on the potential for the control of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici by nine plant extracts (Calotropi sprocera, Curcuma domestica, Moringa oleifera, Tricosanthes dioica, Nigella sativa, Wedelia calendulacea, Andrographis paniculata, Trigonell afoenum-graceum and Momordi cacharantia), three fungicides (Sulcox, Indofil M 45 and Ridomil MZ 68) and three antagonistic fungi. It was found that almost all plant extracts at 25% concentration were effective in reducing the mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The highest inhibition (87%) of mycelium growth of this pathogen was observed when treated after the plant extract of Calotropis proceraon 12 DAI at 25% concentration and lowest inhibition (27%) of this pathogen was observed when treated after the plant extract of Momordi cacharantia on 12 DAI at 5% concentration. Antagonistic effect of Trichoderma sp., Sclerotium sp. and Aspergillus sp. shows that the highest percent inhibition radial growth (82%) was of Trichoderma sp. and the lowest (68.95%) was of Aspergillus sp. against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Chemical treatment with Sulcox was proved that the most effective fungicides against this pathogen.
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