Investigation of poly(methyl acrylate) grafted chitosan as a polymeric drug carrier

Abstract

The graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) onto chitosan in aqueous medium was investigated using potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. The grafting conditions were optimized by studying the effects of the polymerization variables (the initiator concentration, the ratio of monomer to chitosan, and reaction temperature) on the percentage of grafting (PG). PG was found to depend on these variables, and the highest grafting percentage (256 %) could be obtained at chitosan = 1 g, KPS = 4.5 × 10−3 M, methyl acrylate monomer = 6 g, T = 60 °C and t = 180 min. The graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis, thermogravimetry (differential thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetric), X-ray powder diffraction as well as CP-MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. These analyses are highly confirmed the formation of poly(methyl acrylate) grafted chitosan (PMAGC). Furthermore, the gelation of the grafted polymers (PG 68, 122, 218 and 256 %) in distilled water has been studied, and the results revealed that the percentage of swelling number increase with increasing PG of the polymers. Controlled release of niacin (vitamin B3) from the hydrogel of the grafted polymers (PG 68, 122 and 256 %) in aqueous medium has been studied using ultraviolet absorption to follow quantities released at different times (for each experiment: PMAGC 100 mg, niacin 2.46 mg, distilled water 100 ml). The study was repeated again with same conditions except the using of 4.92 mg of niacin instead of 2.46 mg (PG of the grafted polymer is 256 %). The diffusion coefficient (D, cm2/h) of niacin from the hydrogel of the grafted polymer (PG 256 %) was calculated depending on Higuchi model (diffusion coefficient of the first load is 0.00194 cm2/h while 0.00255 cm2/h of the second load).