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Abstract
Through Pechini method, a single phase shuttle-shaped perovskite oxide SrFe0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3−δ was successfully synthesised at 1000 °C. It was combined with active carbon, forming a composite electrode to be used as cathode in a room temperature ammonia fuel cell based on an alkaline membrane electrolyte and Pt/C anode. Reasonable OCV and power density were observed for an ammonia fuel cell using SrFe0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3−δ/C composite cathode. Although the power density is not high enough for conventional portable or transport applications, it has the potential for stationary application in removal of ammonia from wastewater because the requirements on power density is relatively low. When a dilute 0.02 M ammonia solution (340 ppm) was used as the fuel, the fuel cell using this perovskite oxide can obtain an open circuit voltage of 0.35 V and a power density of 0.03 mW/cm2. In order to obtain higher OCV, NaOH is necessary to be added in the fuel, especially when the fuel contains a low concentration of ammonia. This study indicates that perovskite oxides are potential good cathode for low temperature direct ammonia or alkaline membrane fuel cells.
Highlights
A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that converts the chemical energy in fuels directly into electricity at high efficiency [1]
Reasonable open circuit voltage (OCV) and power density were observed for an ammonia fuel cell using SrFe0:8Cu0:1Nb0:1O3Àd/C composite cathode
For low temperature fuel cells, depending on the types of charge carriers, they can be divided into proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) using Hþ ions as the charge carriers whilst those rely on negative OHÀ ions as the charge carrier in the electrolyte is called alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFCs)
Summary
A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that converts the chemical energy in fuels directly into electricity at high efficiency [1]. The electrolyte and electrode materials used for different types of fuel cells are very different in order to meet their specific requirements. Among these fuel cells, AMFCs are of particular interest because theoretically lowcost non-precious metal catalysts can be used in both anode and cathode the overall cost for materials will be lower compared with the PEMFCs, which require precious metals, such as Pt, Pd, Ag as the catalysts in electrodes [2,3]. In real AMFCs, those with electrodes based on precious-metal catalysts still exhibit better performance than non-precious metal catalysts [4e7]. The reaction at the AMFC cathode is [9,10]: O2 þ 2H2O þ 4eÀ/4OHÀ E0 1⁄4 þ0:40V (1)
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