Abstract
Fatty acid contents and physicochemical characteristics of a kind of oil extracted from seeds of 17 safflower genotypes from Iran along with three genotypes from Germany and Canada were studied. Oil content, refractivity index, specific gravity and peroxide, iodine, saponification, acid and tiobarbitoric acid values were measured according to AOCS official methods. These determinations were carried out in triplicate. Fatty acids composition was determined by gas chromatography. Results indicated that there was a significant difference (P < 0.01) in all characteristics among genotypes. The seeds contained 22.03–36.73% oil and 15.64–21.50% protein. Linoleic acid (C18:2) was the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid, followed by oleic acid (C18:1) and linolenic acid (18:3). Practical Applications Because safflower seeds are rich sources of unsaturated fatty acids and possess high nutritional and pharmaceutical values, it is necessary to study the physicochemical characteristics of various safflower lines to be commercially exploited for food applications. Moreover, different types of oil can be produced, depending on the genetics of safflower lines. In order to design an appropriate breeding program, it is important to know how much the phenotypic variation of a characteristic is heritable.
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