Abstract
Purpose: MCF-7 (ER+, WTP53) and MDA-MB-231 (ER Met, Mutant P53) Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) and DNA Methyl Transferase Inhibitor (DNMTi) in breast cancer cell lines of Zebularine (ZEB) single and combined application of TP53, caspase-9, caspase 8 and caspase-3 genes as a result of the use of single and combined drug methylation profiles are aimed to be evaluated by specific PCR method. Material-Metods: In the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, MTT test and survival analysis were performed as a result of single and combined application of CAPE and Zebularine and Methylation Specific PCR was performed to examine the methylation of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and TP53 genes. Results: According to the results of 24-hour drug administration, the IC50 for the MCF-7 cell line was determined as 200 μM, for CAPE 40 μM and for the combined values of 50 μM ZEB + 5 μM CAPE. The effects of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and TP53 genes on the methylation level of ZEB, CAPE and ZEB + CAPE drug combination were determined by using bisulfite modified DNAs in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Discussion: In the MCF-7 cell line, the 120 μM ZEB viability rate was 51%, and the viability of 80 μM ZEB MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells decreased by 59.7%. After 20 μM CAPE, viability in MCF-7 cells decreased by 31% in 120 μM CAPE and MDA-MB-231 cells decreased by 41%. The viability with 40 μM CAPE decreased by 19% in MDA-MB-231 cells. It was found that 20 μM CAPE concentration was associated with TP53 methylation in MCF-7 cell lines. The 80 μM ZEB concentration was found to be closely related to the unmethylated status of the TP53 gene. These results obtained with 50 μM ZEB + 5 μM CAPE application were found to be related to the methylated-unmetylated status of the TP53 gene in half (50%). For the caspase-9 gene of MDA-MB-231 cells, 80 μM ZEB concentration was found to be associated with unmetylated status. The effective use of drugs with low concentrations of the drug dose provides a more appropriate approach in terms of treatment.
Highlights
Breast cancer is a common type of cancer and, despite improvements in its treatment, it is still considered to be the main cause of death in women [1]
In order to determine the appropriate dose of Zebularine MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, changes in cell viability after 24 hours of drug application at increasing dose concentrations of 0 - 200 μM were examined by MTT cell viability test (Figure 1(a))
It was observed that the vitality rate in MCF-7 breast cancer cells after 24 hours of administration with 200 μM ZEB was 51% (Figure 1(a)) and the viability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells decreased by 59.7% after 24 hours of administration with 80 - 200 μM ZEB. (Figure 1(b)) (p < 0.05)
Summary
Breast cancer is a common type of cancer and, despite improvements in its treatment, it is still considered to be the main cause of death in women [1]. Most of the epigenetic modifications are reversible events that target the gene sequence after transcription and the inhibition of these mechanisms may be advantageous in the treatment of breast cancer [2]. By inhibiting DNMTs, genes that may be silenced by DNA methylation during the carcinogenic process can be reactivated and the non-carcinogenic state of the cell can be regenerated [6]. Because of this feature, DNA methylation changes are believed to be an alternative pathway for cancer and have the potential to be diagnostic markers that can be used in the clinical context [7]
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