Abstract
To predict the following ground movement and detect the failure of the ground, it is important to assess ground conditions at that time based upon field measurement results as possible as we can.From the experiences of nine shallow tunnels' excavation through diluvial sand, three indexes termed Simple shear strain, Moment index, and Shear index which are based upon the assumption that the ground above a shallow tunnel behaves as a kind of a continuous beam along tunnel alignment and transversally, characterize the settlement behaviour of the ground associated with tunnel advance as well as error function curve determines the shape and characteristics of transversal settlement trough.
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