Abstract
The mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of leaves and flower extract of Cynara syriaca Boiss were studied with Ames assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. While leaves extract did not show any mutagenic effects against all the tester strains with or without metabolic activation, the flower extract showed mutagenic effect against TA98 strain without metabolic activation. On the other hand, it has been observed that the extracts have antimutagenic activity against mutations induced by sodium azide and daunomycin. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was determined by disc diffusion and MIC value. Both of the extracts possess weak antimicrobial activity. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical cation decolorization methods were carried out to determine the antioxidant activity. Among the tested antioxidant methods, the highest antioxidant capacity was determined in ABTS radical cation decolorization assay in which both of the extracts exhibited the best effect. Flower extract exhibited higher activity also in DPPH free radical scavenging.
Highlights
Plants have significant biological content and in recent years plant polyphenols are increasingly attracted to the role of antioxidants, mutagenic, antimutagenic and anticancerogenic properties as well as the prevention of several diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Chulasiri 1998; Caderni et al 2000; Lin et al 2009; Sun et al 2011).One of the secondary metabolites commonly found in fruits and vegetables is flavonoids
While the mutagenicity assessment was conducted by a dose-response and a two-fold increase in the number of revertants, the antimutagenicity was assessed by the inhibition percentage of mutagenicity (IP) calculated by the following Equation: IP(%)= (1 - (A-B) / (C-B)) x 100
Forty percent or more inhibition was considered as strong antimutagenicity; twenty-five to forty percent inhibition was defined as moderate antimutagenicity and twenty-five or less inhibition as no antimutagenicity (Ikken et al 1999)
Summary
Plants have significant biological content and in recent years plant polyphenols are increasingly attracted to the role of antioxidants, mutagenic, antimutagenic and anticancerogenic properties as well as the prevention of several diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Chulasiri 1998; Caderni et al 2000; Lin et al 2009; Sun et al 2011). One of the secondary metabolites commonly found in fruits and vegetables is flavonoids. These polyphenol compounds are responsible for the color of many vegetables and fruits and at the same time provide important functions in reproduction and breeding plants. They act as defensive mechanisms against pathogens, parasites, and ruptures. The aims of this study were to investigate the mutagenic, antimutagenic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of leaf and flower extracts of C. syriaca
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