Abstract
AbstractLow-power, high-speed real-time computing is critical for various applications, with digital signal processing (DSP), image processing, the internet of things, and neural networks. Multiplication and division algorithms account for 86% of the data processing time in a real-time three-dimensional graphics system. The approximate multiplier (AM) may be the key to improving hardware efficiency and speeding up multiplication operations. The AM has been the primary arithmetic component for many applications in the past ten years. However, comprehensive literature on the entire development history and processes of AM findings, error analysis, and applications is missing in one location. As a result, this article outlines the history and advancements of AM architectural design and prospective study topics for future advancements. This thorough study also discusses the methods researchers utilize to enhance AM design and provide an edge over other mentioned AM.KeywordsApproximate multipliersApproximate computingApproximate addersCompressors
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