INVESTIGATION OF EMBRYONIC HISTOGENESIS OF THE PAROTID GLAND

Abstract

Lectinohistochemistry methods are very sensitive and allow to identify certain types and subpopulations of cells, to characterize non-cellular tissue structures in morphological studies, when they cannot be differentiated by using traditional methods of carbohydrate histochemistry. In many diseases, changes in the carbohydrate component of various glycoconjugates are observed, which contribute to the modification of morphofunctional characteristics of the cell and changes in its interaction with other cells and extracellular factors. Most studies are devoted to the study of the existing pathology of individual organs and systems (or their norms) in adults and animals. Data from the scientific literature on the histotopography of lectin receptors in the first months of human prenatal ontogenesis are few, and regarding the peculiarities of the expression of carbohydrate determinants of the rudiments of the human parotid gland in early prenatal ontogenesis - are absent. Glycopolymers compounds make up structural and functional basis of cells and tissues of a living organism. The necessity of anatomical-lectinohistochemical examination of the parotid gland in early prenatal period of ontogenesis is substantiated, as the evidences concerning its topography are fragmentary and unsystematized, and certain aspects of its ontogenesis are disputable. A natural redistribution of glycopolimers of the cytolemma and cytoplasm of the cells of the epithelial anlage of the parotid salivary gland and the mesenchyma adjacent to it in the course of investigating 50 human embryos and prefetuses aged up 21 days to 12 weeks at stages 9-23 and the beginning of the fetal period according to the classification of Carnegy’s institute has been revealed. Invagination of epithelial cells in the regions bucco-alveolar pockets into the underlying mesenchyme and their transformation into epithelial cords due to the accumulation of specific glycopolymers lectin WGA, SNA, HPA, RCA, LABA. The results of lectin-histochemical examination of the early prenatal ontogenesis of the parotid gland can form the basis for the work of laboratories dealing with screening of morphological material in order to assess the degree of maturation and prognosis of fetus viability and diagnostics of deviations from normal development.