ANATOMICAL MODELING OF THE SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF NECK IN PERINATAL PERIOD OF ONTOGENESIS

Abstract

The analysis of the literature indicates the high interest of not only domestic, but also foreign scientists in the anatomy and topography of the neck muscles at various stages of ontogenesis for adequate surgical correction of abnormalities in newborns and young children. The study was performed on 63 objects of human fetuses aged from 4 to 10 months and 7 newborns (in particular, 5 isolated organ complexes). For create anatomical models of the surface muscles of the neck, muscle parameters and commonly known neck sizes were determined in all age groups. The length of the muscles was determined from the place of its beginning to the place of attachment, the width – at the level of its widest part, that is, at the level of the anatomical diameter. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the licensed program RStudio. For the morphometric parameters of the sternocleidomastoid and scapulohyoid muscles during the perinatal period of development, periods of accelerated development are characteristic, for the length of the sternocleidomastoid muscle – from the 5th to the 9th month, for the length scapular- hyoid muscle – from the 4th to the 6th month of intrauterine development. For width of the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscle has two periods of the most intense increase: during 5-6 and 8-10 months of development, while the width of the right and left scapulohyoid muscle increases gradually during this period of development. The created anatomical model based on the morphometric parameters of the surface muscles of the neck is a template for all age groups during the perinatal period of ontogenesis with the aim of establishing typical and variant anatomy with the subsequent prediction of developmental abnormalities or congenital pathology. The established correlation relationships between the morphometric parameters of the sternoclavicular mastoid and scapular- hyoid muscles during the perinatal period of development testify to their synchronous and harmonious development.