Abstract
In this paper, the effects of an electron beam on X-pinch-produced spectra of L-shell Mo plasma are investigated for the first time by principal component analysis (PCA); this analysis is compared with that of line ratio diagnostics. A spectral database for PCA extraction is arranged using a non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (non-LTE) collisional radiative L-shell Mo model. PC vector spectra of L-shell Mo, including F, Ne, Na and Mg-like transitions are studied to investigate the polarization types of these transitions. PC1 vector spectra of F, Ne, Na and Mg-like transitions result in linear polarization of Stokes Q profiles. Besides, PC2 vector spectra show linear polarization of Stokes U profiles of 2p53s of Ne-like transitions which are known as responsive to a magnetic field [Träbert, Beiersdorfer, and Crespo López-Urrutia, Nucl. Instrum Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 408, 107–109 (2017)]. A 3D representation of PCA coefficients demonstrates that addition of an electron beam to the non-LTE model generates quantized, collective clusters which are translations of each other that follow V-shaped cascade trajectories, except for the case f = 0.0. The extracted principal coefficients are used as a database for an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to estimate the plasma electron temperature, density and beam fractions of the time-integrated, spatially resolved L-shell Mo X-pinch plasma spectrum. PCA-based ANNs provide an advantage in reducing the network topology, with a more efficient backpropagation supervised learning algorithm. The modeled plasma electron temperature is about Te ∼ 660 eV and density ne = 1 × 1020 cm−3, in the presence of the fraction of the beams with f ∼ 0.1 and centered energy of 5 keV.
Highlights
X-pinch discharge experiments at laboratory or table top scales generate localized, high-energy density plasmas, or socalled hot spots, with sizes 1024 to 1021 cm, temperatures 0.1 to 1 keV and electron densities ; 1018 to 1023 cm3
The effects of an electron beam on X-pinch-produced spectra of L-shell Mo plasma are investigated for the first time by principal component analysis (PCA); this analysis is compared with that of line ratio diagnostics
Yilmaz et al showed that the application of principal component analysis (PCA) on the collisional radiative model of resonant transitions of L-shell Cu spectra results in linear Stokes profiles of polarization of Nelike copper spectra
Summary
X-pinch discharge experiments at laboratory or table top scales generate localized, high-energy density plasmas, or socalled hot spots, with sizes 1024 to 1021 cm, temperatures 0.1 to 1 keV and electron densities ; 1018 to 1023 cm. A collisional radiative model with a non-Maxwellian electron distribution is another method to diagnose hot electrons in emission spectra.. PCA is one of the pattern recognition techniques that is used for reducing the dimension of a dataset of high dimension, while keeping a great amount of its variability It makes it easier to visualize a dataset. PCA coefficients (obtained as a result of PCA analysis and corresponding plasma electron temperature, density and beam fractions from a representative, time-integrated and spatially resolved L-shell Mo X-pinch plasma spectrum) are used as training examples of ANN.. The effects of the electron beam on the nonLTE, collisional radiative model of L-shell Mo spectra, obtained by PCA, have been investigated for a typical X-pinch spectrum (shot XP_633), recorded on a compact low-energy device.
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