Abstract
Electrical properties of nanostructured carbon (ns-C) films fabricated by pyrolysis of PAN–b–PBA copolymers were investigated. Films having cylindrical morphology and pyrolyzed at 400, 500 and 600 °C were investigated. Both carbide forming (Zr, Ti) and non-carbide forming (Cu, Pt) metals spanning a wide range of electron work functions (4.1–5.5 eV) formed ohmic contacts to the ns-C films in the as-deposited state. The conductivity of the ns-C films increased roughly three orders of magnitude for every 100 °C increase in the pyrolysis temperature. Hall-effect measurements showed that the films pyrolyzed at 600 °C were n-type with a majority carrier concentration and mobility of 5.8 × 10 18 cm −3 and 0.97 cm 2/V s, respectively. Current–voltage measurements as a function of temperature ( I– V– T) were performed on films pyrolyzed at 600 °C, whereas films pyrolyzed at 400 and 500 °C were too resistive for reliable resistivity–temperature and Hall-effect measurements. The resistivity as a function of temperature was analyzed by using the reduced activation energy method and was determined to follow variable-range hopping (VRH) mechanisms at and below room temperature. The data indicates a crossover from Efros–Shklovskii VRH [J. Phys. C 8, (1975) L49] to Mott VRH [J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1, (1968) 1] at temperatures above 100 K.
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