Investigation of applicability of Electro-Fenton method for the mineralization of naphthol blue black in water

Abstract

In this study, mineralization and color removal performance of electro-Fenton method were examined in water containing naphthol blue black (NBB), a diazo dye. NBB was totally converted to intermediate species in a 15-min electrolysis at 60 mA, but complete de-colorization took 180 min. A very high oxidation rate constant ((3.35 ± 0.21) x 1010 M−1s−1) was obtained for NBB, showing its high reactivity towards hydroxyl radicals. A very high total organic carbon (TOC) removal value (45.23 mg L−1) was obtained in the first 60 min of the electro-Fenton treatment of an aqueous solution of NBB (0.25 mM) at 300 mA, indicating the mineralization efficiency of the electro-Fenton method. Mineralization current efficiency values obtained at 300 mA gradually decreased from 24.18% to 4.47% with the electrolysis time, indicating the presence of highly parasitic reactions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the cleavage of azo bonds of NBB led to formation of different aromatic and aliphatic oxidation intermediates. Ion chromatography analysis showed that ammonium, nitrate and sulfate were the mineralization end-products. The concentration of sulfate ion reached to its quantitative value at the 4th h of electrolysis. On the other hand, the total concentration of ammonium and nitrate ions reached to only 61% of the stoichiometric amount of initial nitrogen after a 7 h electrolysis. Finally, it can be said that the electro-Fenton method is a suitable and efficient method for the removal of NBB and its intermediates from water.