Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

Piyanut Saengsikhiao,Kittinan Maliwan,Juntakan Taweekun,Thanansak Theppaya,Somchai Sae-Ung

doi:10.3390/en13061514

Piyanut Saengsikhiao, Kittinan Maliwan + Show 3 more

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Journal: Energies	Publication Date: Mar 23, 2020
Citations: 23	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Prince of Songkla University

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This research presents the development of R463A refrigerant, a nonflammable refrigerant that was retrofitted to replace R404A. R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbons/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2), and has global-warming potential (GWP) of 1494. It is a nonazeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). R463A is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and it is classified as a Class A1 incombustible and nontoxic refrigerant. R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than that of R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 and carbon dioxide (CO2) R744, and has lower GWP than that of R404A due to the use of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) from R1234yf. The results of this research showed that R463A can be retrofitted to replace R404A due to its composition of POE, Class A1 incombustibility, and lower toxicity. The properties of R463A and R404A, as analyzed using national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software, are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standards of the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). The normal boiling point of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 23%, with a higher cooling capacity and a 63% lower GWP value than that of R404A. The critical pressure and temperature of R463A were found to be higher than those of R404A; it can be used in a high-ambient-temperature environment, has higher refrigerant and heat-rejection effects, and has lower GWP than that of R404A by 52% due to the HFOs from the R1234yf component. The cooling coefficient of performance (COPc) of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 10% under low-temperature applications. R463A is another refrigerant option that is composed of 7% carbon dioxide (CO2), and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs, HFOs, HCs, and natural refrigerants, which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.

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Energy use in Thailand’s business sector is ranked second among overall energy users in the country, and is being targeted for energy-saving options [1]
R463A is another refrigerant option that is composed of 7% carbon dioxide (CO2 ), and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs, HFOs, HCs, and natural refrigerants, which are required to produce a low-global-warming potential (GWP), zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant
9.72% and 8.97% due to the HFCs and carbon dioxide (CO2) from R744. This is consistent with boiling points of R410A and R463A; the highest boiling points were –51.6 and –60.3 °C due to the Results related to Cp liquid are shown in Figure 10, and they present the highest values for R410A

Summary

Introduction

Energy use in Thailand’s business sector is ranked second among overall energy users in the country, and is being targeted for energy-saving options [1]. Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW annual basis. The majority are open 24 hours per day, so the retail sector is the fourth largest consumer of energy in the business sector, consuming more energy than residences do [2]. Energies2020, 13,1514 x FOR PEER REVIEW components that contribute to energy consumption of convenience stores in Thailand, ranked from highest to lowest, are refrigeration systems, air-conditioning systems, electrical equipment, and annual basis. The majority are open 24 hours per day, so the retail sector is the fourth largest annual[3,4]. Basis.The majority are open 24 henergy per day,use so the retail sector isstores the fourthTaiwan largest were consumer of lighting in convenience previously consumer of energy inproportions the businessofsector, consuming more energy thaninresidences do [2].

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