Abstract
This study aims to investigate the implementation of virtual learning on students’ learning outcomes mediated by motivation and to compare its effectiveness between urban and rural areas. This study employed quantitative design, involved 362 students of Faculty of Education in UNESA. To determine the sample, it employed Solvin’s formula. The data were collected by using three instruments, specifically Virtual Learning Effectiveness, Learning Outcomes, and Motivation. To see the difference of virtual learning on learning outcomes mediated by motivation based on student’s location, path analysis was performed twice by separating the data into two kinds of groups. The first group contains student’s data that lived in an urban area. The second group contains student’s data that lived in a rural area. The findings of this research confirm that the virtual learning is effective to improve students’ learning outcomes which was mediated by motivation. In addition, it was found that the motivation of students from urban areas is higher than those from rural areas. It suggests that the native location of students influences their motivation.
Highlights
We are encountering a global crisis which affects most of human being life aspects
This is for various causes, which these reviews are outside the variables of this study, because the existing limitations are only a test whether there are differences related to various study results regarding learning outcomes and their comparison to rural areas and urban areas
If it is examined more deeply, when discussing or examining the insignificance of learning outcomes in urban areas, it is examined from the perspective of an empirical basis by the research team, the main cause is self-burnout during a pandemic
Summary
We are encountering a global crisis which affects most of human being life aspects. The current Covid-19 pandemic which spread all over the world in the beginning of 2020 has distracted every single element, including education This unpredictable global pandemic enforces us to be able to make proper adjustment of learning approaches and strategies since the condition limits us to perform a face-to-face meeting to stop a wider spread of the virus. As expected, a conventional classroom learning which allows students to gather in one place within certain time is extremely prohibited. This condition forces us to remain staying at home, work from home, worship from home, and even study from home. It happens because rural areas have minimum facility to improve an online learning such as Wi-Fi or a signal (DeMatthews, Knight, Reyes, Benedict, & Callahan, 2020)
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