Abstract
The environmental and cost advantage of non-edible plant oil for potential base oil in oil and gas drilling mud formulation is a drive for its use. The seed of Calophylluminophyllumthe plant oil was processed, pulverized, and oil extracted using chemical method. The extracted plant oil and commercial synthetic oil was used to formulate drilling mud and comparative analysis were made using the physicochemical properties of the oil samples, mud rheological properties under sixteen hours and 240 °F aging and non-aging effect for a 7 and 9 g viscosifier, and rheological models in describing the mud. The commercial synthetic oil and Calophylluminophyllum oil shows a flash point of 101 ± 0.1 and 164 ± 0.1; density of 108 and ; viscosity index of 192 and 163; acid value of NIL and 24.24; and oil yield of NIL and 71 % respectively. The rheological properties of Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud were higher than the synthetic oil-based mud. It was also observed that the increase in temperature and viscosifer decreases and increases the rheological properties respectively of all mud samples. The synthetic and Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud increased in the rheological properties after aging test. In the overall estimation of the root mean square error (RMSE) values, coefficient of determination R2 values, and the fitted plots analysis. The Herschel Bulkley and the Sisko model had a much better description in predicting the experimental data for the synthetic oil-based mud. The hyperbolic, Herschel Bulkley and Sisko model had good description for the experimental data of the Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud.
Highlights
In the formulation of drilling mud, it is important to consider its environmental impact, the technical performance, and the cost of production
Processing of Calophylluminophyllum Plant seed The various processing steps were used for the plant seeds before the oil extraction x Sourcing: the plant seeds was gotten from Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State. x Cleansing: this involves removal of dirt’s or unwanted materials from the plant seeds. x Seed separation: it involves peeling of the outer covering to remove the seed. x Drying: it involves oven drying of the pilled seed at 103 °C for 17+-1hour according to International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) standard. x Grinding: it involves pulverization of the plant seed into oily or powdered form, this weakens or rupture the cell walls to ease the release of oil for extraction
Analyzing the Physicochemical Properties of the Base Oils Table 2shows the physicochemical properties of the commercial synthetic oil (CSO) and Calophylluminophyllum oil (CIO) used in the mud formulation
Summary
In the formulation of drilling mud, it is important to consider its environmental impact, the technical performance, and the cost of production. The environmental challenges associated with oil and gas drilling mud operations are among the major issues facing world communities. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd of deposition. In the Niger delta region of Nigeria, the release of drilling waste from oil-based mud into the water bodies adversely affects the dwelling organisms. This has caused a reduced rate of biodegradability by this organisms on the mud due to their toxic chemical components [8]
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