Abstract
The microstrip antenna has a great attention in wireless application because it has different shapes to design. In this paper the square shaped patch antenna is designed with different material for the substrate to improve the efficiency of the antenna. The substrate with high permittivity couples the power into the surface wave that leads to the decrease in efficiency and increases the return loss to overcome this problem substrate with photonic band gap structure is used to weaken the surface wave mode and to improves the efficiency and reduces the return loss. This is due to the periodicity in the dielectric medium. The design of microstrip patch antenna is done by the CST (computer simulation technology). The result gives the lower return loss will be considered as the efficient one. The analyses should be done for different substrate to get the efficient antenna.
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