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Abstract
Urbanization causes an increase in the flood discharge because of the infiltration capacity. Furthermore, extreme precipitation events have been an increasing concern for many regions worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different outflow control facilities on runoff reduction in a small watershed. We focused on the soil-improvement technology and rainwater tanks as outflow control facilities and conducted a runoff calculation using a rainfall event of a magnitude that is likely to occur once in a hundred years. The calculation showed that the soil-improvement technology reduced runoff during long-term continuous rainfall, whereas in a concentrated short-term rainfall event, a significant difference in the runoff reduction effect between rainfall tanks of various volumes was observed. Since effective countermeasures for runoff reduction differ depending on the rainfall distribution pattern, we suggested both facilities for storing initial rainfall and initiating countermeasures for penetration improvement over the long term.
Highlights
IntroductionUrban areas around the world have rapidly expanded [1,2]. urban land cover is expected to increase by three times from 2000 to 2030 [3]
Over recent decades, urban areas around the world have rapidly expanded [1,2]
This study reports the calculated runoff reduction effects for different scales of outflow control facilities adopted in small watersheds belonging to densely populated areas
Summary
Urban areas around the world have rapidly expanded [1,2]. urban land cover is expected to increase by three times from 2000 to 2030 [3]. Extreme precipitation events, which often resulting in flooding, have been an increasing concern for many regions worldwide [10]. The introduction of rainwater tanks to buildings and soil infiltration improvement materials to the penetration area was considered as an effective runoff control method because 34.5% of the calculation target catchment was covered by roof surfaces and 38.7% by the penetration area. To evaluate the influence of the scale of outflow control facilities on the runoff reduction effect, rainwater tank capacities were set to be 0.1, 0.05, and 0.02 times that of the roof surface area. In addition to the six different combination cases of rainwater tank capacity and soil infiltration improvements, the case without outflow control facilities was targeted for the runoff calculation
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