Abstract
Dyslipidemia, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is modifiable by diet and lifestyle changes. A large population with mild to moderate dyslipidemia is at risk of developing CVDs, and early initiation of preventive measures can avert advancing into severe medical conditions. Studies suggest increasing slowly digestible starch (SDS) in diets can help lower blood lipids. We processed dehulled adlay, a cereal rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and phytosterols, into an instant meal by extrusion and milling and then assessed its starch composition and in vitro digestibility. The dehulled adlay was found to consist of 32% SDS and resistant starch combined. Then, eligible subjects with dyslipidemia were recruited to explore the adlay’s hypolipidemic potential, safety, and acceptability. Subjects consumed the dehulled adlay as the sole carbohydrate source in their breakfast, without changing other components in the diet or lifestyle, for 12 weeks. After intervention, serum total cholesterol (TC) decreased significantly in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. In addition, both TC and triglyceride levels decreased significantly in those above 50 years old. In conclusion, the extruded dehulled adlay displays potential for favorably modulating blood lipids, and the effect is more pronounced in the middle-aged population.
Highlights
Accepted: 4 February 2022Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank as the first leading cause of death globally [1].According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2], the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) nearly doubled in the past 20 years, and 523 million people worldwide are currently affected.Several modifiable risk factors contribute to cardiovascular health, including body mass index, smoking, and health conditions, such as elevated blood sugar and blood lipid levels [3]
Since the population with mild to moderate dyslipidemia, which is at risk of developing CVDs, is larger than the population already diagnosed with CVDs and may be less careful about cardiovascular health, we recruited subjects from this population and investigated the impact of consuming the Extruded Dehulled Adlay (EDA) on their blood lipid levels
There was an increase in mean High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C values in the low highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (low HDL) group at week 8 compared to baseline, which resulted in a significant decrease in the total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio (Table 9)
Summary
Accepted: 4 February 2022Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank as the first leading cause of death globally [1].According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2], the prevalence of CVDs nearly doubled in the past 20 years, and 523 million people worldwide are currently affected.Several modifiable risk factors contribute to cardiovascular health, including body mass index, smoking, and health conditions, such as elevated blood sugar and blood lipid levels [3]. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank as the first leading cause of death globally [1]. Physiological lipid metabolism can be divided into three parts: exogenous (dietary), endogenous (hepatic lipogenesis), and reverse cholesterol transport [5]. After dietary fats are digested, cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) are assembled into chylomicrons that are absorbed by the intestinal villi, enter the circulation, and are distributed to adipose tissues for storage or acted upon by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) into glycerol and fatty acids that may be used for fuel. The liver synthesizes very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which is cleaved by LPL into intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and further into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to release free fatty acids. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions to transport excessive cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver
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