Investigating the Impact of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Surface Roughness and Cutting Force in Turning C45 Steel

Abstract

In this work, aimed to predict an optimized combination of machining parameters to produce minimum cutting force and surface roughness while turning of C45 steel, with deep cryo-treated M2 HSS tool under dry condition. Methods: Design of Experiments (DOE) with Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array (OA) is used to predict the optimum combinations of machining parameters to produce minimum cutting force and surface roughness. S/N Ratio and ANOVA analysis were conducted to show the control of three cutting parameters on the cutting force and surface roughness. Findings: The machining parameters are the most significant factors in the turning operation. The confirmatory test includes the optimized combination parameters. From the analysis of ANOVA results, the cutting speed was the most significant factor effects both untreated and cryotreated surface roughness by Vc=52.87%, f=7.59%, ap=2.77% and Vc =37.93%, f=29.20%, and ap=0.11% respectively, of the machined surface. Cutting force untreated tool, depth of cut was the most influencing factor ap=86.75% followed by feed rate=8.80% and cutting speed=3.37%. While in the treated tool feed rate is the dominating factor on f=56.76% followed by ap=19.73% and Vc=10.10%. Taguchi technique is the efficient and effective method to optimize machining parameters for low cutting force and surface roughness. Applications: M2 HSS tool is second most hardened steel in small-scale industries and its wide applications in milling cutters, twist drills, reamers, taps, saws, knives, and broaches.