Abstract
Currently, construction projects have a significant share in environmental pollution. Usually, the employers and managers of construction projects pay attention to the project implementation with the shortest duration and the lowest cost, whereas less attention is paid to the environmental effects of the implementation of projects. Sustainable development requires the planning and implementation of construction projects, taking environmental impacts, along with other factors, into account. Few studies have investigated the balancing time, cost, and environmental effects. Although the selection of an execution method for the project activity requires the use of decision-making methods, these methods have not been used in the project scheduling problems. This study seeks to simultaneously minimize the project time, cost, and environmental impacts. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of project activities in three physical, biological, and social aspects throughout the construction projects, and to attempt to minimize them as measurable values. In this paper, the environmental effects of an urban water supply construction project as a real case study are assessed in different activity execution modes by the Leopold matrix and the best execution mode of each project activity is selected using the CoCoSo (combined compromise solution) multi-criteria decision-making method, considering the time–cost-environmental impact trade-off. The CoCoSo method is employed because of its high flexibility compared to other multi-criteria decision-making methods. The results of this study will direct managers and stakeholders of construction projects to pay more attention to the environmental effects of construction project activities, together with the other conventional project goals and objectives, such as the time and cost.
Highlights
Eshtehardian et al [3] proposed a method that combines fuzzy set theory and a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the time–cost trade-off project scheduling problem, and the results showed that the method can provide Pareto solutions that consider different risk acceptance levels for contractors
The issue of environmental impacts in construction projects is of great importance
In addition to optimizing conventional project objectives, such as the duration and cost, project managers must consider the environmental impacts of project activities
Summary
With the change in the development term from classic to modern, sustainable development, including environmental aspects, has become the main pillar of development. The growing trend of world-wide public awareness of the importance of environmental issues in the form of sustainable development is of great importance. Construction projects are performed to meet a set of needs, and the aim of project managers is to direct and control projects to achieve predetermined project goals and objectives. Different goals and objectives are considered in projects. The most important goals of project scheduling are to complete the project with the shortest duration and the lowest
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