Investigating the Effect of the Tractor Drive System Type on Soil Behavior under Tractor Tires

Abdolmajid Moinfar,Israel Herrera-Miranda,Gholamhossein Shahgholi,Yousef Abbaspour-Gilandeh,Miguel Apolonio Herrera-Miranda,José Luis Hernández-Hernández

doi:10.3390/agronomy11040696

Abdolmajid Moinfar, Israel Herrera-Miranda + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040696

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Abstract

To determine the effect of the tractor driving system type on the soil compaction and soil behavior a series of tests was conducted using Goldoni 240 tractor with a power rate of 30.8 kW and included four similar tires at three different driving systems (4WD, rear-wheel drive (RWD) and front-wheel drive (FWD)). To evaluate these systems’ effects on soil compaction, tests were conducted at three soil moisture contents (10, 15 and 20% d.b.), three tire inflation pressures (170, 200 and 230 kPa), and three tractor speeds (1.26, 3.96 and 6.78 km/h). Soil bulk density was measured at three average depths of 20, 30 and 40 cm. To evaluate soil compaction, cylindrical cores were used and to assess soil behavior during this process, the soil displacement in a three coordinate system was measured using three displacement transducers. It was found that the 4WD system created the least bulk density of 1155 kg/m3, while the FWD system led to the highest density of 1241 kg/m3. Maximum vertical soil compression of 55 mm occurred for the FWD system and it declined to 43 and 36 mm in RWD and 4WD systems, respectively. Soil displacement in the horizontal and lateral directions was larger for the FWD system in comparison to the other systems. With increment of speed and depth soil compaction decreased. Minimum bulk density of 1109 kg/m3 was occurred at velocity of 6.78 Km/h using the 4WD system, also with this system at the depth 40 cm density was 1127 kg/m3. While at velocity of 1.26 Km/h and depth of 20 cm soil density was 1190 kg/m3.

Highlights

Agricultural management practices on a large scale require using of heavy machines for planting and harvesting
The results indicated that all of the main effects and two-way interaction effects of experimental factors were significant at a probability level of 1%
It was concluded that the 4WD system is the optimum driving system in terms of reducing soil compaction and preventing destroying its destruction

Summary

Introduction

Agricultural management practices on a large scale require using of heavy machines for planting and harvesting. These are often associated with the destruction of soil structure and increasing soil density. Increasing heavy machine use causes a high stress on soil up to deeper depths and great subsoil compaction has been reported in comparison to the past [1,2,3]. In order to enhance productivity in the agricultural sector, farms should be large enough, which their productivity can be enhanced by using more efficient machines [4]. The trend in agriculture has been towards increasing the tractor size and weight, which increases the risk of soil compaction [5]. To eliminate created hard layers of soil that limit the root growth and proper drainage of the soil [6,7], deep plowing is often necessary and plowing with such intensity increases required energy and imposes heavy costs on farmers [8]

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Conclusion